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https://www.bilibili.com/video/BV1iJ411H74S?p=23 SLF4J 支持各种日志框架。SLF4J 发行版附带了几个称为“SLF4J绑定”的 jar 文件,每个绑定对应一个受支持的框架。 === 使用 SLF4J 的日志绑定流程 === # 添加 slf4j-api 的依赖 # 使用 SLF4J 的 API 在项目中进行统一的日志记录 # 绑定具体的日志实现框架 ## 绑定已经实现了 SLF4J 的日志框架,直接添加对应依赖 ## 绑定没有实现 SLF4J 的日志框架,先添加日志的适配器,再添加实现类的依赖 # SLF4J 有且仅有一个日志实现框架的绑定(如果出现多个默认使用第一个依赖日志实现) [[文件:SLF4J 日志绑定.png|无|缩略图|1271x1271像素]] [[文件:一张图片说明 SLF4J.png|无|缩略图|945x945像素]] === 示例 绑定 logback 日志实现 === ==== pom.xml ==== <syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>io.github.jihch</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-demo</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- slf4j 日志门面 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.27</version> </dependency> <!-- slf4j 内置的简单实现 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId> <version>1.7.21</version> </dependency> <!-- logback 日志实现 --> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project> </syntaxhighlight> ==== SLF4JTest.java ==== <syntaxhighlight lang="java"> import org.junit.Test; import org.slf4j.Logger; import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory; public class SLF4JTest { public static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SLF4JTest.class); @Test public void test() { // 日志输出 LOGGER.error("error"); LOGGER.warn("warn"); LOGGER.info("info"); LOGGER.debug("debug"); LOGGER.trace("trace"); // 使用占位符输出日志信息 String name = "jihch"; Integer age = 14; LOGGER.info("用户:{},{}", name, age); // 将系统的异常信息输出 try { int i = 1/0; } catch (Exception e) { // e.printStackTrace(); LOGGER.error("出现异常:", e); } } } </syntaxhighlight><syntaxhighlight lang="console"> SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings. SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/I:/maven_repository/org/slf4j/slf4j-simple/1.7.21/slf4j-simple-1.7.21.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/I:/maven_repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.2.3/logback-classic-1.2.3.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation. SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.SimpleLoggerFactory] [main] ERROR io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest - error [main] WARN io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest - warn [main] INFO io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest - info [main] INFO io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest - 用户:jihch,14 [main] ERROR io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest - 出现异常: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest.test(SLF4JTest.java:27) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69) at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11) at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35) at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235) at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54) Process finished with exit code 0 </syntaxhighlight>在 pom.xml 加入了对 logback 的依赖:<syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> <!-- logback 日志实现 --> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> </syntaxhighlight>只需要引入 logback-classic,因为依赖传递,就不需要再添加对 logback-core 的依赖 [[文件:Logback 依赖传递.png|无|缩略图|437x437像素]]观察控制台可以发现信息提示:<syntaxhighlight lang="console"> SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings. SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/I:/maven_repository/org/slf4j/slf4j-simple/1.7.21/slf4j-simple-1.7.21.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/I:/maven_repository/ch/qos/logback/logback-classic/1.2.3/logback-classic-1.2.3.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class] SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation. SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.SimpleLoggerFactory] </syntaxhighlight>类路径包含多个 SLF4J 绑定,有 slf4j-simple,还有 logback-classic,实际绑定 SimpleLoggerFactory,要测试 logback,所以先注释掉 pom.xml 中对 slf4j-simple 的引入;<syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> <dependencies> <!-- slf4j 日志门面 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.27</version> </dependency> <!-- slf4j 内置的简单实现 --> <!-- <dependency>--> <!-- <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>--> <!-- <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>--> <!-- <version>1.7.21</version>--> <!-- </dependency>--> <!-- logback 日志实现 --> <dependency> <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId> <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId> <version>1.2.3</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </syntaxhighlight>再次运行<syntaxhighlight lang="console"> 19:24:56.617 [main] ERROR io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest - error 19:24:56.619 [main] WARN io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest - warn 19:24:56.619 [main] INFO io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest - info 19:24:56.619 [main] DEBUG io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest - debug 19:24:56.619 [main] INFO io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest - 用户:jihch,14 19:24:56.626 [main] ERROR io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest - 出现异常: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest.test(SLF4JTest.java:27) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69) at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11) at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35) at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235) at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54) Process finished with exit code 0 </syntaxhighlight> === 示例 绑定 slf4j-nop 日志实现、关闭日志记录 === ==== pom.xml ==== <syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> <dependencies> <!-- slf4j 日志门面 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.27</version> </dependency> <!-- slf4j 内置的简单实现 --> <!-- <dependency>--> <!-- <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>--> <!-- <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>--> <!-- <version>1.7.21</version>--> <!-- </dependency>--> <!-- logback 日志实现 --> <!-- <dependency>--> <!-- <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>--> <!-- <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>--> <!-- <version>1.2.3</version>--> <!-- </dependency>--> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-nop</artifactId> <version>1.7.25</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </syntaxhighlight>这时运行测试控制台就没有任何日志记录的输出了 === 示例 绑定 log4j 日志实现 === ==== pom.xml ==== <syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>io.github.jihch</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-demo</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- slf4j 日志门面 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.27</version> </dependency> <!-- slf4j 内置的简单实现 --> <!-- <dependency>--> <!-- <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>--> <!-- <artifactId>slf4j-simple</artifactId>--> <!-- <version>1.7.21</version>--> <!-- </dependency>--> <!-- logback 日志实现 --> <!-- <dependency>--> <!-- <groupId>ch.qos.logback</groupId>--> <!-- <artifactId>logback-classic</artifactId>--> <!-- <version>1.2.3</version>--> <!-- </dependency>--> <!-- <dependency>--> <!-- <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId>--> <!-- <artifactId>slf4j-nop</artifactId>--> <!-- <version>1.7.25</version>--> <!-- </dependency>--> <!-- 绑定 log4j 日志实现,需要导入适配器 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>1.7.12</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>1.2.17</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project> </syntaxhighlight><syntaxhighlight lang="console"> log4j:WARN No appenders could be found for logger (io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest). log4j:WARN Please initialize the log4j system properly. log4j:WARN See http://logging.apache.org/log4j/1.2/faq.html#noconfig for more info. </syntaxhighlight>log4j 导入成功 注意:绑定 log4j 需要先引入适配层的依赖 slf4j-log4j12,然后再引入 log4j 本身的依赖 ==== 加入 log4j.properties 再进行测试 ==== <syntaxhighlight lang="properties"> # 指定 RootLogger 顶级父元素默认配置信息 # 指定日志级别=trace,使用的 appender 为 console log4j.rootLogger = trace,console # 指定控制台日志输出的 appender log4j.appender.console = org.apache.log4j.ConsoleAppender # 指定消息格式 layout log4j.appender.console.layout = org.apache.log4j.PatternLayout # 指定消息格式的内容 log4j.appender.console.layout.conversionPattern = [%-10p]%r %l %d{yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss.SSS} %m%n </syntaxhighlight><syntaxhighlight lang="console"> [ERROR ]0 io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest.test(SLF4JTest.java:14) 2023-02-26 21:05:30.061 error [WARN ]1 io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest.test(SLF4JTest.java:15) 2023-02-26 21:05:30.062 warn [INFO ]1 io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest.test(SLF4JTest.java:16) 2023-02-26 21:05:30.062 info [DEBUG ]2 io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest.test(SLF4JTest.java:17) 2023-02-26 21:05:30.063 debug [TRACE ]2 io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest.test(SLF4JTest.java:18) 2023-02-26 21:05:30.063 trace [INFO ]3 io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest.test(SLF4JTest.java:23) 2023-02-26 21:05:30.064 用户:jihch,14 [ERROR ]3 io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest.test(SLF4JTest.java:30) 2023-02-26 21:05:30.064 出现异常: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest.test(SLF4JTest.java:27) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69) at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11) at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35) at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235) at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54) </syntaxhighlight> === 示例 绑定 JUL 日志实现 === ==== pom.xml ==== <syntaxhighlight lang="xml"> <?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>io.github.jihch</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-demo</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <properties> <maven.compiler.source>8</maven.compiler.source> <maven.compiler.target>8</maven.compiler.target> </properties> <dependencies> <!-- slf4j 日志门面 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>1.7.27</version> </dependency> <!-- 绑定 JUL 日志实现,需要导入适配器 --> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-jdk14</artifactId> <version>1.7.25</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> </dependency> </dependencies> </project> </syntaxhighlight><syntaxhighlight lang="console"> 二月 26, 2023 9:12:01 下午 io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest test 严重: error 二月 26, 2023 9:12:01 下午 io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest test 警告: warn 二月 26, 2023 9:12:01 下午 io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest test 信息: info 二月 26, 2023 9:12:01 下午 io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest test 信息: 用户:jihch,14 二月 26, 2023 9:12:01 下午 io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest test 严重: 出现异常: java.lang.ArithmeticException: / by zero at io.github.jihch.SLF4JTest.test(SLF4JTest.java:27) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method) at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62) at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43) at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50) at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12) at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47) at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.InvokeMethod.evaluate(InvokeMethod.java:17) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78) at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268) at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363) at org.junit.runner.JUnitCore.run(JUnitCore.java:137) at com.intellij.junit4.JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.startRunnerWithArgs(JUnit4IdeaTestRunner.java:69) at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater$1.execute(IdeaTestRunner.java:38) at com.intellij.rt.execution.junit.TestsRepeater.repeat(TestsRepeater.java:11) at com.intellij.rt.junit.IdeaTestRunner$Repeater.startRunnerWithArgs(IdeaTestRunner.java:35) at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.prepareStreamsAndStart(JUnitStarter.java:235) at com.intellij.rt.junit.JUnitStarter.main(JUnitStarter.java:54) </syntaxhighlight>
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