Yum

简介

Yum（全称为 Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一个在 Fedora 和 RedHat 以及 CentOS 中的 Shell 前端软件包管理器。

基于 RPM 包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载 RPM 包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。

显示配置的软件存储库

[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
repo id                                            repo name                                  status
!base/7/x86_64                                     CentOS-7 - Base                            10,072
!extras/7/x86_64                                   CentOS-7 - Extras                             500
!mysql-connectors-community/x86_64                 MySQL Connectors Community                    221
!mysql-tools-community/x86_64                      MySQL Tools Community                         135
!mysql56-community/x86_64                          MySQL 5.6 Community Server                    581
!updates/7/x86_64                                  CentOS-7 - Updates                          2,943
repolist: 14,452
[root@localhost docker_zk]#

查看已安装

[root@bogon docker_zk]# yum list installed
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
Installed Packages
NetworkManager.x86_64                                                        1:1.18.8-2.el7_9                                                        @updates          
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64                                                  1:1.18.8-2.el7_9                                                        @updates 
......
[root@bogon docker_zk]#

确认是否安装

[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum list installed|grep wget
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
wget.x86_64                          1.14-18.el7_6.1                @base
[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum list installed|grep yum-utils
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
[root@localhost docker_zk]#

安装 yum-utils

yum-utils 包含可以添加 yum 镜像的 yum-config-manager

[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum install -y yum-utils
......
[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum list installed|grep yum-utils
yum-utils.noarch                     1.1.31-54.el7_8                @base
[root@localhost docker_zk]#

yum 添加镜像

这里以 docker 镜像为例

[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
adding repo from: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
[root@localhost docker_zk]#

yum makecache

添加镜像或缓存过期时需要进行此操作

用于下载当前启用的 yum 存储库的所有元数据并使其可用。

如果参数“fast”被传递，那么我们只是尝试确保 repos 是最新的（很像“yum clean expire-cache”）。

[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum makecache fast
 ...
[root@localhost docker_zk]#

显示有关一个包或一组包的详细信息

[root@bogon docker_zk]# yum info docker-compose
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
 * base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
 * epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
 * extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
 * updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
Installed Packages
Name        : docker-compose
Arch        : noarch
Version     : 1.18.0
Release     : 4.el7
Size        : 1.1 M
Repo        : installed
From repo   : epel
Summary     : Multi-container orchestration for Docker
URL         : https://github.com/docker/compose
License     : ASL 2.0
Description : Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker
            : applications. With Compose, you use a Compose file to configure your
            : application's services. Then, using a single command, you create and
            : start all the services from your configuration.
            : 
            : Compose is great for development, testing, and staging environments,
            : as well as CI workflows.
            : 
            : Using Compose is basically a three-step process.
            : 
            : 1. Define your app's environment with a Dockerfile so it can be
            :    reproduced anywhere.
            : 2. Define the services that make up your app in docker-compose.yml so
            :    they can be run together in an isolated environment:
            : 3. Lastly, run docker-compose up and Compose will start and run your
            :    entire app.

[root@bogon docker_zk]#