Yum
Jihongchang（讨论 | 贡献）2022年8月15日 (一) 22:05的版本
简介
Yum（全称为 Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一个在 Fedora 和 RedHat 以及 CentOS 中的 Shell 前端软件包管理器。
基于 RPM 包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载 RPM 包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。
显示配置的软件存储库
[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
repo id repo name status
!base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base 10,072
!extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras 500
!mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 221
!mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 135
!mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 581
!updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates 2,943
repolist: 14,452
[root@localhost docker_zk]#
查看已安装
[root@bogon docker_zk]# yum list installed
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
Installed Packages
NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 @updates
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 @updates
......
[root@bogon docker_zk]#
确认是否安装
[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum list installed|grep wget
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
wget.x86_64 1.14-18.el7_6.1 @base
[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum list installed|grep yum-utils
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
[root@localhost docker_zk]#
安装 yum-utils
yum-utils 包含可以添加 yum 镜像的 yum-config-manager
[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum install -y yum-utils
......
[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum list installed|grep yum-utils
yum-utils.noarch 1.1.31-54.el7_8 @base
[root@localhost docker_zk]#
yum 添加镜像
这里以 docker 镜像为例
[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
adding repo from: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
[root@localhost docker_zk]#
yum makecache
添加镜像或缓存过期时需要进行此操作
用于下载当前启用的 yum 存储库的所有元数据并使其可用。
如果参数“fast”被传递，那么我们只是尝试确保 repos 是最新的（很像“yum clean expire-cache”）。
[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum makecache fast
...
[root@localhost docker_zk]#
安装 epel-release
EPEL（Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux）是基于 Fedora 的一个项目，为“红帽系”的操作系统提供额外的软件包，适用于 RHEL、CentOS 和 Scientific Linux.
在 CentOS 下使用 yum 在安装包的时后往往会发生找不到 rpm 的情况，官方的 rpm repository 提供的 rpm 包也不够丰富，很多时候需要自己编译很痛苦，而 EPEL 恰恰可以解决这两方面的问题。
EPEL 的全称叫 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 。
EPEL是由 Fedora 社区打造，为 RHEL 及衍生发行版如 CentOS、Scientific Linux 等提供高质量软件包的项目。
装上了 EPEL之后，就相当于添加了一个第三方源。
[root@bogon docker_zk]# yum list installed|grep epel-release
[root@bogon docker_zk]# yum list |grep epel-release
epel-release.noarch 7-11 extras
[root@bogon docker_zk]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base 10,072
docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64 Docker CE Stable - x86_64 164
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras 512
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 199
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 92
mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 581
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates 4,135
repolist: 15,755
[root@bogon docker_zk]# yum -y install epel-release
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
Resolving Dependencies
--> Running transaction check
---> Package epel-release.noarch 0:7-11 will be installed
--> Finished Dependency Resolution
Dependencies Resolved
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Installing:
epel-release noarch 7-11 extras 15 k
Transaction Summary
============================================================================================================================================================================================================================================
Install 1 Package
Total download size: 15 k
Installed size: 24 k
Downloading packages:
epel-release-7-11.noarch.rpm | 15 kB 00:00:00
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1
Verifying : epel-release-7-11.noarch 1/1
Installed:
epel-release.noarch 0:7-11
Complete!
[root@bogon docker_zk]# yum list installed|grep epel-release
epel-release.noarch 7-11 @extras
[root@bogon docker_zk]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
epel/x86_64/metalink | 6.5 kB 00:00:00
* base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
(1/3): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:00
(2/3): epel/x86_64/group_gz | 97 kB 00:00:00
(3/3): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 7.0 MB 00:00:00
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base 10,072
docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64 Docker CE Stable - x86_64 164
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,758
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras 512
mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 199
mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 92
mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 581
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates 4,135
repolist: 29,513
[root@bogon docker_zk]#