Yum
简介
Yum（全称为 Yellow dog Updater, Modified）是一个在 Fedora 和 RedHat 以及 CentOS 中的 Shell 前端软件包管理器。
基于 RPM 包管理，能够从指定的服务器自动下载 RPM 包并且安装，可以自动处理依赖性关系，并且一次安装所有依赖的软件包，无须繁琐地一次次下载、安装。
显示配置的软件存储库
[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
repo id repo name status
!base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Base 10,072
!extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Extras 500
!mysql-connectors-community/x86_64 MySQL Connectors Community 221
!mysql-tools-community/x86_64 MySQL Tools Community 135
!mysql56-community/x86_64 MySQL 5.6 Community Server 581
!updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 - Updates 2,943
repolist: 14,452
[root@localhost docker_zk]#
查看已安装
[root@bogon docker_zk]# yum list installed
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
Installed Packages
NetworkManager.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 @updates
NetworkManager-libnm.x86_64 1:1.18.8-2.el7_9 @updates
......
[root@bogon docker_zk]#
确认是否安装
[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum list installed|grep wget
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
wget.x86_64 1.14-18.el7_6.1 @base
[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum list installed|grep yum-utils
Repodata is over 2 weeks old. Install yum-cron? Or run: yum makecache fast
[root@localhost docker_zk]#
安装 yum-utils
yum-utils 包含可以添加 yum 镜像的 yum-config-manager
[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum install -y yum-utils
......
[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum list installed|grep yum-utils
yum-utils.noarch 1.1.31-54.el7_8 @base
[root@localhost docker_zk]#
显示已配置的软件存储库
[root@iZ8vbcjkeqbrdmmbt23vboZ ~]# yum repolist
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
docker-ce-stable | 3.5 kB 00:00:00
epel | 4.7 kB 00:00:00
extras | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
updates | 2.9 kB 00:00:00
(1/4): epel/x86_64/updateinfo | 1.0 MB 00:00:00
(2/4): epel/x86_64/primary_db | 7.0 MB 00:00:00
(3/4): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 17 MB 00:00:00
(4/4): docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64/primary_db | 80 kB 00:00:00
repo id repo name status
base/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 10,072
docker-ce-stable/7/x86_64 Docker CE Stable - x86_64 164
epel/x86_64 Extra Packages for Enterprise Linux 7 - x86_64 13,758
extras/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 512
updates/7/x86_64 CentOS-7 4,135
repolist: 28,641
[root@iZ8vbcjkeqbrdmmbt23vboZ ~]#
yum配置源
yum 添加镜像
这里以 docker 镜像为例
[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum-config-manager --add-repo https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
adding repo from: https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo
grabbing file https://mirrors.aliyun.com/docker-ce/linux/centos/docker-ce.repo to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
repo saved to /etc/yum.repos.d/docker-ce.repo
[root@localhost docker_zk]#
yum makecache
添加镜像或缓存过期时需要进行此操作
用于下载当前启用的 yum 存储库的所有元数据并使其可用。
如果参数“fast”被传递，那么我们只是尝试确保 repos 是最新的（很像“yum clean expire-cache”）。
[root@localhost docker_zk]# yum makecache fast
...
[root@localhost docker_zk]#
安装 epel-release
显示有关一个包或一组包的详细信息
[root@bogon docker_zk]# yum info docker-compose
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* epel: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
* extras: mirrors.huaweicloud.com
* updates: mirrors.bfsu.edu.cn
Installed Packages
Name : docker-compose
Arch : noarch
Version : 1.18.0
Release : 4.el7
Size : 1.1 M
Repo : installed
From repo : epel
Summary : Multi-container orchestration for Docker
URL : https://github.com/docker/compose
License : ASL 2.0
Description : Compose is a tool for defining and running multi-container Docker
: applications. With Compose, you use a Compose file to configure your
: application's services. Then, using a single command, you create and
: start all the services from your configuration.
:
: Compose is great for development, testing, and staging environments,
: as well as CI workflows.
:
: Using Compose is basically a three-step process.
:
: 1. Define your app's environment with a Dockerfile so it can be
: reproduced anywhere.
: 2. Define the services that make up your app in docker-compose.yml so
: they can be run together in an isolated environment:
: 3. Lastly, run docker-compose up and Compose will start and run your
: entire app.
[root@bogon docker_zk]#
检查哪个包提供了命令
[root@iZ8vbcjkeqbrdmmbt23vboZ yum.repos.d]# yum whatprovides lsb_release
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
* base: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com
* extras: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com
* updates: mirrors.cloud.aliyuncs.com
redhat-lsb-core-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.i686 : LSB Core module support
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/lsb_release
redhat-lsb-core-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64 : LSB Core module support
Repo : base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/lsb_release
redhat-lsb-core-4.1-27.el7.centos.1.x86_64 : LSB Core module support
Repo : @base
Matched from:
Filename : /usr/bin/lsb_release
[root@iZ8vbcjkeqbrdmmbt23vboZ yum.repos.d]#